Concepts and sources of data pertinent to research; writing research proposal; use of statistics for planning and analysing data; experimental design; procedure; data logging; analysing; summarizing the experiment; bibliography writing; researchers’ code of ethics; case study; idea generation and screening; concept development and testing; marketing strategy development; business analysis; product development; market testing; commercialization; introduction intellectual property; patent search, patent draft; intellectual property valuation; General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories; type and characteristics of hazardous waste; laws and regulations of hazardous waste; collection of hazardous wastes; transfer and transport of hazardous wastes; treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes; elements of a successful hazardous waste minimization program; a laboratory course dealing with research methodology and quality assurance